Humanitarian governance: accountability, advocacy, alternatives

About the project

  • How is humanitarian governance imagined and organized in the interplay of different actors?
  • How do accountability and advocacy processes of aid recipients and civil society actors alter governance relations ‘from below’?
  • How do different patterns of governance emerge in different types of crisis and contexts of state-society-aid relations?
Humanitarian Governance project logo

The Humanitarian Governance (Hum-Gov) project has a special focus on how civil society actors and crisis-affected people shape humanitarian governance by using accountability and advocacy.

The project seeks to develop models of alternative humanitarian ethics, for example centering on solidarity in addition to humanitarian principles. There is also a component on researching how humanitarian actors conceptualize and deal with climate-related displacement. 

Hum-Gov is financed by a European Research Council (ERC) advanced grant No. 884139. 

Objectives

Hum-Gov aims to understand ongoing changes in humanitarian governance and explore and advance the spaces and strategies that have opened up for reform ‘from below’. It has a special focus on how civil society actors and crisis-affected people shape humanitarian governance by using accountability and advocacy.

Hum-Gov works with partner institutes in Colombia, Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where case studies take place. A fourth case-study focuses on Bangladesh and studies climate-related displacement from a humanitarian studies perspective. The project runs from 2021-2025.

Through contextual research practices, Hum-Gov also reviews humanitarian studies by expanding the spaces and strategies that have opened up for reform ‘from below’ in the rapidly changing, risky and unstable contexts of humanitarian crises.

A key approach of the Hum-Gov project is to work through humanitarian observatories where different stakeholders - humanitarians, academics, communities, civil society actors, journalists - exchange, learn and seek to reform humanitarian governance in their context.

Shaping future humanitarian and ethical research

By focusing on the viewpoints and influence of affected communities and civil society actors, the Hum-Gov project will contribute to the way humanitarian governance is seen and understood. It will also shape future humanitarian and ethical research exploring the boundaries of participatory research in conflict-affected and politically volatile areas, by promoting more equal research partnership.

Why is this research relevant?

The numbers of people worldwide whose lives are endangered and that are rendered destitute by conflict, disaster or political collapse is growing, as well as the numbers of people that become displaced from their home communities. This is partly in relation to climate change.

Changes in humanitarian governance

Humanitarian governance has been rapidly changing over the last decade. The international character of humanitarian action is shifting to recognize and advance the multiple roles of local state and non-state actors. The logic of humanitarian action is becoming more diverse and shifts from a single focus on the humanitarian principles to alternative practices organized around, for example, resilience, accountability or solidarity.

We also expect to see that aid recipients gain more voice to challenge governance through accountability and advocacy practices. Finally, humanitarian actors find it increasingly difficult to define the scope of their actions and identify who is, and who is not, eligible for humanitarian assistance. The latter gains in importance as projections on disasters and displacement in relation to climate change concern ever larger numbers of affected people. 

The Hum-Gov research is a timely project to analyze these ongoing changes and to amplify the voices and influence of crisis-affected populations in humanitarian governance.

People-centred sustainable development

Crisis-affected areas are often in the lowest ranks of the Sustainable Development Goals and hence we see increasing effort from the whole international community, including the United Nations, to promote service delivery and development in these contexts.

The project studies these trends from a lens of social justice and accountability and hence may contribute to make humanitarian action and service delivery more people-centred, and better aligned with sustainable development.

Research team and collaborations

The project team is led by Professor Dorothea Hilhorst and Assistant Professor Rodrigo Mena. Partners include institutes in Colombia, Ethiopia and the DRC and 5 PhD candidates.

Outputs

  • Alburo-Canete, K. (2024). Feminization of Responsibility in Community Recovery: Rethinking Disaster Justice through the Lens of Care. Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints 72(1):11-40.Caso, N., Hilhorst, D., & Mena, R. (2023). The contribution of armed conflict to vulnerability to disaster: Empirical evidence from 1989 to 2018. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 95, Article 103881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103881
  • Caso, N., Hilhorst, D., Mena, R., & Papyrakis, E. (2023). Does disaster contribute to armed conflict? A quantitative analysis of disaster–conflict co-occurrence between 1990 and 2017. International Journal of Development Issues. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-01-2023-0015
  • Mena, R. (2023). Humanitarian aid assemblage in Venezuela: Between instrumentalisation, depoliticisation, and legitimation. in Authoritarian practices and humanitarian negotiations. Editor: Andrew Cunningham. Routledge
  • Munadi, M., & Mena, R. (2023). Dilemmas of humanitarian negotiations with the rise of Taliban in Afghanistan. in Authoritarian practices and humanitarian negotiations. Editor: Andrew Cunningham. Routledge
  • Mena, R. (2023). "Advancing “no natural disasters” with care: risks and strategies to address disasters as political phenomena in conflict zones", Disaster Prevention and Management, Vol. 32 No. 6, pp. 14-28. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-08-2023-0197
  • Recio, R., Alburo-Canete, K., & Cajilig, P. (2023). "Guest Editors' Introduction: Disaster Justice in Philippine Contexts: Revisiting Frameworks and Interrogating Practices" Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints 71(4): 457-466 http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/5202Hilhorst, D. and M. van Wessel (2022). "From humanitarian diplomacy to advocacy: a research agenda." In: K. Biekart and A. Fowler (eds) A Research Agenda for Civil Society, 111-125. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800378155 Mena, R., Brown, S., Peters, L. E. R., Kelman, I., & Ji, H. (2022). Connecting Disasters and Climate Change to the Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 17(3), 324–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166221129633 
  • Bankoff, G, and D. Hilhorst (2022, eds) Why Vulnerability Still Matters. The Politics of Disaster Risk Creation London, Routledge, 107-125
  • D. Hilhorst (2022) ‘Humanitarianism: navigating between resilience and vulnerability’. In Bankoff, G, and D. Hilhorst (2022, eds) Why Vulnerability Still Matters. The Politics of Disaster Risk Creation London, Routledge, 107-125
  • Vezzoli, S., Hilhorst, D., Meyer, L., & Rijpma, J. (2022). Refugee protection in the region: A survey and evaluation of current trends. International Migration.
  • Hilhorst, D. and R. Mena (2021). ‘When Covid-19 meets conflict: politics of the pandemic response in fragile and conflict-affected states’ Disasters.
  • Hilhorst, D., Melis, S., Mena, R., & van Voorst, R. (2021). Accountability in Humanitarian Action Refugee Survey Quarterly, 40(4), 363-389.
  • Mena, R and D. Hilhorst (2021). 'Ethical considerations of disaster research in conflict-affected areasDisaster Prevention and Management. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. 

'Ter Apel is not a crisis' – 27 August 2022
Professor Thea Hilhorst has recently been surprised by the situation in the Dutch refugee centre in Ter Apel: 'Of course this is not necessary, we can easily free up a sports hall or something. Food packages were thrown over a fence, as if it was a zoo. Why can this exist?' On NPO Radio 1 in Dr Kelder en Co she talked about her research and sketched the bigger picture about the reception of refugees worldwide. You can listen to the interview in the podcast De Jortcast episode 491 ‘Ter Apel is not a crisis’ (in Dutch), or read the English news article covering the interview’s main topics.

Demanding accountability, advocacy & social justice ‘from below’ - 1 March 2021 Interview with Thea Hilhorst
In celebration of #SocialJusticeWeek, ISS sat down with Professor Thea Hilhorst to talk about her personal connection to social justice in relation to her latest project on humanitarian governance and accountability. Read the full interview with Professor Hilhorst.

Europe’s Achilles Heel: The asylum and migration regime unpacked - 23 November 2020
Students of the Governance, Migration and Diversity Track organized the talk show ‘Europe’s Achilles Heel: The asylum and migration regime unpacked’. With host Iana Hilhorst, guests Thea Hilhorst, Zeynep Kaşli, Sahar Shirzad and Anna Farrow reflected on current European migration management. What challenges does the EU face, particularly at the Greek-Turkish border and regarding refugee camps on the Greek islands? What does the future look like and what are potential solutions? Hear what the speakers had to say by watching the full talk show.

Africa Knows conference - February 2021
Professor Thea Hilhorst was part of a panel during the conference themed ‘Decolonising minds’. In recent years, Africa's universities, research institutions and other knowledge agencies have undergone tremendous change. A growing demand for scientific forms of knowledge and for higher education has pushed many of them to expand rapidly and to engage in a combination of daring initiatives and institutional, scientific, and educational creativity. New knowledge organizations, for example, with ties to religious groups or the private sector, have also been established. 'Decolonizing the academy' has become a loud call within and beyond the continent. Eurocentrism is increasingly questioned, while calls to 'look East' and 'look inside Africa' are gaining momentum.

Guest lecture on fixing the Humanitarian aid system at the University of The Netherlands
135 million people worldwide rely on humanitarian aid to help them cope with war, disasters and poverty. However, the current system for providing this aid cannot keep up with a demand that is growing every year due to climate change and its consequences. In this lecture, Professor Thea Hilhorst explains how and why our system for humanitarian aid needs to be fixed.

Guest lecture at the Centre for Poverty Analysis, Sri Lanka
Professor Thea Hilhorst gave a guest lecture on climate-related migration from a humanitarian perspective. She discussed the different discourses and framings of the relationship between climate change and displacement and their implications for humanitarian action.

Project activities and events

Hum-Gov organizes various project activities and events. These include the humanitarian observatories as a method to understand humanitarian governance, a speaker series on the decolonization of aid, webinars on equitable partnerships and monthly Hum-Gov webinars

Humanitarian governance refers to how the government, national and international humanitarian organizations, civil society actors and communities work together (or not) to address humanitarian needs. Collaboration processes between these different actors are often associated with many challenges, including the effectiveness of aid, accountability, trust and the localization of aid.

Beyond international trends, it is important to look at what can be done to improve humanitarian governance considering specific regional and national contexts. The Humanitarian Observatory is a method that can be used to address this need.

Humanitarian Observatories are organized spaces where participants representing multiple actors discuss a variety of topics in relation to humanitarian governance. Actors can include, for example, national aid providers, civil society actors, research institutions, independent researchers, academics, think tanks and government representatives.

Currently, there are three active Observatories in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia and Latin America & the Caribbean (based in Colombia). Information on the Humanitarian Observatory in Colombia (in Spanish).  

Humanitarian Observatory updates

Humanitarian observatories – seeking change from below. Hilhorst, D. Newsletter Q1 2024.

Latin America & The Caribbean, based in Colombia

Thematic focus on humanitarianisms, participation and ‘no’ natural disasters 

Publications

Democratic Republic of Congo

Thematic focus on sexual abuse in the humanitarian sector; displacement and flooding.

Publications

Ethiopia

Thematic focus on internal displacement and aid diversion.

Publications

A spin-off of the Humanitarian Governance project was the decolonization of aid series organized in collaboration with KUNO and Partos. This project was partially financed through the Science Communication: Appreciated! fund by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). The objective of the decolonization series was to have a critical and open debate about reshaping humanitarian governance structures, based on academic insights and humanitarian practice to inform and inspire policymakers, practitioners and academics.

Five dialogues were organized, each with a different focus. The dialogues were co-facilitated by Kiza Magedane, writer and knowledge broker at The Broker, and Professor Thea Hilhorst.

The dialogues

Watch the decolonization of aid dialogue series on YouTube

  • Dialogue 1 - A historical perspective
  • Dialogue 2 - A development cooperation perspective
  • Dialogue 3 - A humanitarian aid perspective
  • Dialogue 4 - An ethical perspective
  • Dialogue 5 - The role of the donor

Findings

Besides the recording, the findings of the dialogue series on the decolonization of aid were summarized in a booklet.

Spin-off with Partos and the Broker: Future brief – Decolonization of development cooperation

A trilogy on the decolonization of the development sector was initiated in response to the decolonization of aid series.

Martha Kapazoglou and Yannicke Goris, the authors of the first brief from The Broker, collaborated with Emmanuel Kumi, PhD from the University of Ghana, Jimm Chick Fomunjong from the West Africa Civil Society Institute and Professor Thea Hilhorst on Part 1, a future brief taking a historical approach. This brief lays the historical foundations necessary to understand the present and move ahead towards a decolonized future.

It was published by Partos and is available in English, Dutch, Arab, French and Spanish. Stay tuned for parts 2 and 3 of the trilogy.

International research collaborations have increased significantly, mainly in the context of programmes funded by Northern governments, educational institutions and other organizations dedicated to humanitarian action and emergency response. While significant to knowledge production, the collaborations have raised concerns and criticisms regarding the real meaning of ‘partnerships’ and complex power dynamics.

To further advance this discussion, the Hum-Gov team collaborated with the Research Ethics Committee of the International Humanitarian Studies Association (IHSA) to organize four regional webinars in Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, India and Latin America. Researchers, scholars, and consultants were invited to share their lived experiences regarding power relations and possibilities for equitable partnerships.

The report North-South research collaborations: The quest for equitable partnerships includes a brief summary of the discussions. Each discussion had its own theme, starting with:

  1. The terms of the collaboration and agenda setting;
  2. Different types of knowledge and methodologies;
  3. Ownership of data; and
  4. Access to opportunities for publications.

The report also provides concluding remarks and a way forward.

The findings of the discussions were also presented during the 6th IHSA Conference on Humanitarian Studies. Rewatch the conference on YouTube.

During the monthly Hum-Gov Webinar series, guest speakers contribute with different perspectives around humanitarian governance, accountability, advocacy and alternatives.

Edited recordings of the seminars will be available shortly.

In this first webinar of the Hum-Gov Webinar series, Professor Thea Hilhorst introduces the Humanitarian Governance project and opens a critical debate on topics like protection and security, migration, humanitarianism, accountability, advocacy and the need for collaborative approaches.

Who is the humanitarian subject? Who and what is local?

Full webinar coming soon.

How can we capture and do justice to the complex nature of advocacy work, the diversity of contexts in which advocacy happens, and the diversity of actors involved?

Dr Margit van Wessel, assistant professor at Wageningen University, answers these questions in her extensive work on advocacy, civil society collaborations and advocacy evaluation.

Full webinar coming soon.

Dr Samantha Melis, MEAL advisor and Programme Officer at Stichting Vluchteling provides a critical view in this seminar on accountability and localization and answers the following question: ‘How can we move from ‘ticking the boxes’ to system change, and what role can MEAL play to make different choices?’.

Norms & ideas in the Rohingya Internally Displaced Persons crisis

Focusing on the Rohingya Internally Displaced Persons crisis, Jasmin Burnley, doctoral researcher at the University of Birmingham, offers an examination of the disconnect between how humanitarian responses are expected to operate and their day-to-day political realities.

Norms & ideas in the Rohingya Internally Displaced Persons crisis

The moral foundation of modern humanitarianism is that humanitarianism is good at heart but that it is sometimes applied imperfectly. Tammam Aloudat, a Syrian MD, humanitarian worker and managing director of the Global Health Centre in Geneva, explains why this assumption is problematic.

Re-examining the ethical foundations of modern humanitarianism?

This webinar draws on ongoing research by Dr Nimesh Dhungana from the University of Manchester. In the wake of the COVID-19 crisis, Dr Dhungana researched the role of youth-based activism in challenging inequalities and rights violations of labour migrants in Nepal.

Grassroots accountability activism to safeguard labour migrants

During this seminar Tanya Wood, director of CHS Alliance, discusses current opportunities and challenges for a more accountable aid system. She explores who bares the responsibility of accountability and how organizations need to adapt in how they act as individual entities and in their collaborations.

Full webinar coming soon.

In this webinar Tanja Hendriks, PhD candidate at the University of Edinburgh and the University of  Oslo, focuses on the role of the state in humanitarian governance. She argues that civil servants of disaster-affected states are central to relief interventions: they are key to more effective, localized and sustainable forms of disaster response and risk reduction efforts.

Bringing the state back into humanitarian governance

Armed conflict and disasters are increasingly overlapping. Research has focused extensively on how climate change and disasters affect the risk of armed conflict. However, little is known about how disasters shape the dynamics of ongoing civil wars.

Tobias Ide from Murdoch University Perth unravels the impact of disasters on armed conflict intensity.

How disasters shape the dynamics of armed conflict

The book launch marks the publication of Why Vulnerability Still Matters. The Politics of Disaster Risk Creation, edited by Greg Bankoff and Thea Hilhorst. A book in which different aspects of vulnerability and disaster risk creation are highlighted.

Greg Bankoff from the University of Hull and Ateneo de Manila University, Terry Cannon from the University of Sussex and Ayesha Siddiqi from the University of Cambridge were the speakers of the 10th webinar.

'Why vulnerability still matters'

In collaboration with the Social Sciences for Community engagement in Humanitarian Action (SS4CE) project convened by UNICEF, with support of the USAID Bureau of Humanitarian Assistance, this part 1 of 2 Hum-Gov webinars is part of a co-curate series on “Dimensions in the Application of Social Sciences for Community Engagement in Humanitarian Action”.

This webinar explored the rationale behind community engagement and its connection with humanitarian action through a historical-epistemological-practical perspective in different scenarios: society’s participation in the HIV-AIDS struggle in Brazil, and community engagement in humanitarian responses in Latin America and Uganda. 

Full webinar recording ­­coming soon.

In collaboration with the Social Sciences for Community engagement in Humanitarian Action (SS4CE) project convened by UNICEF, with support of the USAID Bureau of Humanitarian Assistance, this part 2 of 2 Hum-Gov webinars is part of a co-curate series on “Dimensions in the Application of Social Sciences for Community Engagement in Humanitarian Action”.

In this episode, we explore whose ethics — between various actors in the humanitarian arena — matter. Engaging with critical and decolonial perspectives, our panelists explore the possibilities of creating spaces for negotiating different practices and values systems that foster inclusion and reflects the everyday realities of people living in crisis.

Walter D. Mignolo (Duke University), Rachel Kiddell-Monroe (SeeChange), Osman Sow (MSF Holland), Chrysant Lily Kusumowardoyo (ASB Indonesia and the Philippines) and Sione Tu'itahi (Otaga University) were speakers for the 11th webinar.

Whose ethics matter?

This panel conversation marked the publication of Gerard McCarthy’s “Outsourcing the Polity: Non-State Welfare, Inequality and Resistance in Myanmar”.  Informed by research during Myanmar's decade of partial civilian rule (2011–2021), the book examines how ideals and practices of non-state welfare can both sustain democratic resistance and undermine social reform over time. With non-state social actors, more important than ever, following Myanmar's return to dictatorship in 2021, Outsourcing the Polity casts new light on the lasting legacies of outsourcing for distributive politics and poses questions about humanitarian engagement in Myanmar in the years to come. In this event Dr. McCarthy offered a short overview of the book and scholarly and practitioner discussants offered comments and perspective. 

Full webinar recording coming soon.

Iida-Maria Tammi (University of Helsinki) and Rodrigo Mena Flühmann explore safety and security for humanitarian workers, researchers, and partners in this Hum-Gov webinar.  Iida-Maria delved into her recently released research into the risks posed by insecurity for humanitarian actors in conflict environments. Her work looks into the case study of healthcare workers in the Syrian Civil War (2012-2020), and discusses how governance structures (‘entanglements’) can affect the safety of people working in a humanitarian context.  

Iida’s discussant, Rodrigo, is the Deputy Director of the Humanitarian Studies Centre at ISS, and the coordinator of the Safety & Security Research Initiative. His work includes analysing ways in which humanitarian research can be made safer for both researchers and the people participating in the study. Rod also researchers Disaster Risk Reduction best practices, and the ways that societies can reduce their vulnerability, and so be safer places when disaster strikes.  His Safety & Security for Researchers course is regularly held at ISS, CERES, and elsewhere.  

Full webinar recording coming soon.

In this Hum-Gov webinar, Dr Bulbul Siddiqi and Prof Sk. M. Haque discussed the vulnerable situation of the Rohingya in Cox's Bazar refugee camp in Bangladesh. The also addressed the possible sustainable and long-term solutions that include relocation, integration and repatriation.

The Rohingya influx in Bangladesh is not new with the country witnessing a few episodes of Rohingya influx in the past decades. The 2017 influx was one of the most significant, when nearly a million Rohingya entered Bangladesh and sought refuge to escape the devastating ‘genocide’ in Myanmar. This most recent Rohingya crisis is now in its seventh year, but the Rohingya have yet to see any sustainable solution, and not a single Rohingya was repatriated to Myanmar. 

Full webinar recording coming soon.

How can we diversify the humanitarian aid sector? How do ingrained assumptions about humanitarian actors prevent people from working in the sector? And how can we reform organizations to make them more human-centric, caring and inclusive? 

Author and Humanitarian Specialist Merit Hietanen addresses all these questions during this Hum-gov webinar, with a reflection by Mays Nawayseh.

Full webinar recording coming soon.

Emmanuel Viga presented his research on peacebuilding and conflict resolution activities by refugees living in the Bidibidi refugee settlement in the Yumbe district of Uganda. Refugees are often painted as vulnerable and lacking agency in policy debates, and so are often considered as passive recipients of peace initiatives. Emmanuel’s research looks to reframe this understanding, and analyses refugees roles as active peacebuilders and agents in conflict resolution. 

Dr Awil Mohamoud, Director of the African Diaspora Policy Centre, followed with a reflection on Emmanuel’s presentation linking it to the ADPC’s research on wider-spread African diasporas, their role in humanitarian action, and influences and linkages between countries of origin and home countries.

Full webinar recording coming soon.

Strengthening the ability of societies to disasters is a priority global goal encapsulated in the Sendai Framework. Key to such agenda is legal preparedness, namely the adoption of disaster law that organizes effective disaster response while safeguarding human rights, democratic governance and promoting the participation of disaster-affected communities. Despite international guidelines on how to best design such legislation, little is known about the state of disaster legislation worldwide and the extent to which national law complies with international standards. This neglect is particularly surprising as disaster legislation plays a key role in organizing the relationship between the various stakeholders of disaster management; funding their activities and ensuring the accountability of disaster response efforts. DisLex fills this gap by using computational text analysis methods to create the first dataset comparing the features of disaster law in 100 countries over 10 years (2013-2023). With a presentation by Dr Clara Egger and a reflection by Professor Thea Hilhorst, this webinar shed light on the initial results of the project and provide a comparative account of the features of disaster legislation worldwide. 

Full webinar recording coming soon.

EU-ERC logo combined 16:9

Funding

This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 884139

Contact the research team

Compare @count study programme

  • @title

    • Duration: @duration
Compare study programmes